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Test Driven Development (TDD) refers to a style of programming in which three activities are tightly interwoven: coding, testing (in the form of writing unit tests) and design (in the form of refactoring). Test cases are developed to specify and validate what the code will do. In simple terms, test cases for each functionality are created and tested first and if the test fails then the new code is written in order to pass the test and making code simple and bug-free.

Test-Driven Development starts with designing and developing tests for every small functionality of an application. TDD framework instructs developers to write new code only if an automated test has failed. This avoids duplication of code. The TDD full form is Test-driven development.

The simple concept of TDD is to write and correct the failed tests before writing new code (before development). This helps to avoid duplication of code as we write a small amount of code at a time in order to pass tests. (Tests are nothing but requirement conditions that we need to test to fulfill them).

Test-Driven development is a process of developing and running automated test before actual development of the application. Hence, TDD sometimes also called as Test First Development.

Following steps define how to perform TDD test,

1. Add a test.
2. Run all tests and see if any new test fails.
3. Write some code.
4. Run tests and Refactor code.
5. Repeat.

The greatest benefit of Test Driven Development is the detection of errors at the early stage of software development. The developer can fix the invalid code immediately by himself. Reducing the time between the introduction of a bug and its detection means fewer people involved in fixing bugs and cheaper and faster process. To sum up, TDD reduces the cost of creating new software which appears much faster, and the code quality is higher than with classic programming methods.

On the minus side of TDD, there is the difficulty in determining the length of cycles and the number of necessary tests. It’s also hard to keep a balance between writing the code and creating further detailed tests. A large number of small and simple tests is not bad in general, but if performed improperly, it may cause slowing down the execution of the entire task.

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You can read more about TDD here.

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